WEBVTT Kind: captions; Language: en

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With over 20 years of service to the
worldwide amateur radio community, we are

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This Week in Amateur Radio,
your all-amateur radio and technology news

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magazine and bulletin service of the air.

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This is edition number 1056 with a
release and air date of Saturday, May 25,

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2019. Please take the program to
your air following the Q-Tone.

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Welcome. We are This Week in Amateur Radio,
North America's premier amateur radio

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and technology news magazine and bulletin
service of the air. Here are the

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stories that are trending as
we come to air this week.

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The 2019 Dayton Hamvention is in the
history books and we will have team

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coverage of the national convention.

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CQ magazine has announced all of the
inductees into the 2019 Hall of Fame. Our

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team coverage will have all the results.

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A California resident is sentenced to
prison for making death threats to FCC

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Chairman Ajit Pai over internet neutrality.

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The 2019 Atlanta Hamfest has been cancelled.

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The ARRL has announced the Springtime
Section Manager elections and the Radio

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Amateurs of Canada also
appoints two new officers. We

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will bring you all the results.

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It's the 175th anniversary of Mars Code.

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And NASA isn't fighting you to fly your
name on the next Mars rover. We will tell

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you how you can get your boarding pass in
this week's special expanded edition of

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This Week in Amateur Radio.

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These headline stories will come to
you in a moment along with this week's

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special features. We'll visit with Bruce Page,
KK5DO and get an update from AMSAT

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and what's new with all of those
amateur satellites in orbit.

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Our technology reporter Leo Laporte, W6TWT,
will report on the upcoming FCC vote

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on giving consumers the
ability to block robo calls.

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And how the Feds have banned the use of
Huawei equipment in the cell network

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upgrade to 5G technology.

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Australia's own Anal Ben-Shoppe, VK6FLAB,
asks if you know how many colors

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are inside of an SDR.

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Our own amateur radio historian,
Bill Continelli, W2XOY, will be here with

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another look back into ham radio's
rich history with another edition

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of the Ancient Amateur Archives.

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All this and a lot more is straight
ahead as edition number 1056 of North

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America's premier amateur radio and
technology news magazine and bulletin service

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This Week in Amateur Radio.
Takes to the air right now.

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Reporting from our headquarters studio
overlooking the Hudson River here in

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Albany, New York where spring is in the air,
I'm George W2XBS.

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And reporting from historic Armory Square
in downtown Syracuse, New York, I'm

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Chris Pirene, KB2FAF.

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Reporting from our news bureau in Fayetteville,
Arkansas where with Memorial Day

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summer has arrived, I'm Will Rogers, K5WLR.

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And reporting from the Western Catskills
of New York State where we are unfurling

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flags to honor those who have served,
I'm Don Hewlett, K2ATJ.

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And coming to you from Studio One in our
central Florida news bureau, I'm Fred,

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November Fox to Fox. 60 Minutes of
Solid Amateur Radio News begins now.

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Leading off this week's news is our
annual roundup of the Dayton Hamvention.

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Hosting the 2019 AWRL National Convention,
the Hamvention chalked up its third

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year at its new venue,
the Greene County Fairgrounds and Expo Center

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in Xenia, Ohio.

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Amateur Radio's largest annual gathering
took place May 17th through the 19th.

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Hamvention officials have not yet released
a 2019 attendance figure, but last

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year's show drew 28,417,
the largest attendance ever.

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For many hams, Hamvention offers an
opportunity each spring to renew old

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acquaintances and make new ones,
and for manufacturers to debut their

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latest and greatest gear.

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These were some of the biggest
crowds I've seen since Dayton

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Hamvention relocated to Xenia.

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AWRL Product Development Manager Bob
Inderbitzen, NQ1R said, The first day of the

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Hamvention 2019 began with
prompt crowds streaming in

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as soon as the doors opened.

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Visitors enjoyed largely comfortable weather,
with some drizzle on opening day.

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AWRL Expo was one area that drew fair
attention, with the addition of a booth for

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the new AWRL and Dayton
Hamvention mobile event app.

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Available for free download, the app
provided maps of the entire fairgrounds and

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booth layouts in every building, schedules
of forums and presentations, and other

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functions that help attendees plan
their Dayton Hamvention weekend.

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AWRL Convention and Event Coordinator
Eric Casey, KC2ERC, who assisted in

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coordinating the app's functionality,
stayed busy demonstrating and

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promoting the app to visitors.

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Casey said that despite the downside of
occasional connectivity problems due to

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the crowd, the app has been received
very positively, with many especially

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enjoying the convenience of the maps.

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Early morning saw AWRL Laboratory Manager
Ed Hare, W1RFI, giving a forum about

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the inner workings of the AWRL lab.

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A lively presenter, Hare introduced lab staff,
explained what they do in the lab,

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and told some stories too outrageous to
put on the slides, drawing ripples of

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laughter across the audience
as a bright start to an

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overcast and drizzly morning.

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As the afternoon went on, the sun came
out in earnest, prompting many to take

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rest on the numerous benches and bleachers
to enjoy socializing with fellow hams.

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Before lunchtime, the official opening
ceremony was held in the center of the

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fairgrounds, with a speech from Zinnia,
Ohio Mayor Sarah Mays, who invited

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everyone to partake in the local
community and restaurants and witness the

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hospitality that hamvention
attendees enjoy every year.

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The Nashua Area Radio Society from New
Hampshire, the 2019 Dayton Hamvention Club

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of the Year, led the AWRL spotlight
on radio clubs and mentoring forums.

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Among other club members, Fred Keemer,
AB1OC, discussed the various ways NARS

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builds and keeps a strong and active
membership through their website, licensing

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classes, and programs that fit
into their members' schedules.

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Currently, the success rate for all of
their licensing classes is 93%, and they

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maintain 70% retention of active members.

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Outside of the forum, visitors to the NARS
booth have been encouraged to take the

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radio club health check on
the Hamvention mobile app.

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The checklist prompts users to mark what
their own club offers to help assess

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available ways to foster a healthy membership.

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AWRL's Public Service Communications
Panel discussion drew large crowds,

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including active volunteer emergency
coordinators and emergency coordinators, and

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many who work with ARIES-served
agencies across the country.

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Audience members expressed constructive
concerns over the new ARIES plan and

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reinforced amateur radio
recognition nationwide.

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Near the end of the day was the first of
the weekend's two new product showcases,

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a newer exhibit at the show.

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One product that drew consistent and excited
crowds all day was Ellicraft's brand

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new K4 Transceiver,
which provides all the same features of the K3

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with a new touchscreen interface.

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A collection of items debuted at this
year's Dayton Convention will be featured

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in the August 29 issue of QST.

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You are listening to North
America's premier amateur radio and

00:08:05.000 --> 00:08:07.000
technology news magazine of the air.

00:08:08.000 --> 00:08:12.001
We are this week in amateur radio,
distributed worldwide at TWIAR.net.

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Now with a look at what took place on
Saturday at Hamvention, here is our own

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Will Rogers K5 WLR.

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Thanks, Chris. Saturday at Dayton Hamvention
was very sunny with a comfortable

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breeze, and visitors settled into what
shade they could find at covered picnic

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tables or stretched out in grassy
areas under a tree throughout the day.

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Many attendees took advantage of the
beautiful weather to continue their hobby as

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they wove through vendors and food trucks.

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Chad Green, KC3CQZ, carried solar panels
connected on his backpack to keep his

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portable equipment powered and operating.

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Meanwhile, Chris Bravo W4ALF rigged
antenna masts onto his bicycle to make

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CW and voice contacts, reaching Arizona,
Florida, and what he described as the

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shortest QSO ever at Hamvention, another
Hamvention attendee standing directly in

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front of him with a handheld transceiver.

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In attendance for Saturday's events
was Jett Jurgensmeyer, KE0UWZ,

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who stars as Boyd Baxter in Fox's
television comedy Last Man Standing.

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ARRL Communications content producer
Michelle Patnode, W3MVP, caught

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Jurgensmeyer for an interview for
ARRL's new podcast So Now What?

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She also interviewed Sarah Byrne of FEMA
External Affairs, who was featured on

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the panel of Friday's ARRL
Public Service Forum.

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The highlights at Hamvention episode
will be out soon following convention

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weekend, featuring additional guests.

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Following in the Hamvention theme of
Mentoring the Next Generation, the 2019

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Youth Forum moderated by Carol Perry,
WB2MGP, was popularly attended

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by a crowd of all ages.

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The various young presenters included
17-year-old Marty Sulloway, NN1C, who

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discussed team exuberance and all youth
contesting team that recently competed in

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their first contest in April.

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The August 2019 issue of QST will feature
more on the team and how they would

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like to promote youth
activity in amateur radio.

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Many members of team exuberance first
came together during last year's Dave

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Coulter Memorial Youth DX Adventure trip.

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Team members Don Dubon, N6JRL, Jim Storms,

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AB8YK, and Ron Doyle,
N8VAR, used their booth at

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Hamvention to raise money for this year's
trip to Kudasau by selling pins and

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raffling an ICOM 7300 transceiver.

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Doyle said the group receives about 75%
of the trip's funding at Hamvention each

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year and are on track to reach their
total goal by the end of the weekend.

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The ARRL Member Forum later in the afternoon
was very well attended, with people

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standing and lining the walls.

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It featured a panel of the ARRL Board
and was moderated by ARRL Great Lakes

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Division Director Dale Williams, WA8EFK.

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During the forum, President Rick Roderick,
K5UR, presented the Amateur Radio

00:11:56.000 --> 00:12:02.000
Emergency Data Network with the 2018
Microwave Length Development Award for their

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implementations of amateur
radio's microwave bands.

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Engaging today's amateur radio
by ARRL CEO Howard Michelle,

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WB2ITX, also attracted a crowd.

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Members of the audience expressed
positive support for the new directions

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Michelle is making in ARRL's organization
and approach to content creation.

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Many exciting items were included at the
weekend's second new product showcase

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with MFJ Enterprises introducing a long
list of devices, some of which already

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sold out by mid-afternoon.

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Here to take a look at the final day of
the Hamvention is Don Hulick, K2ATJ. Don?

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Thanks Will. Although the last and shortest
day of Dayton Hamvention is usually

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the least crowded,
the ARRL Expo had early visitors making their

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rounds, particularly for books.

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In the morning, Riley Hollingsworth,
K4ZDH, presented a forum on ARRL's

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new Volunteer Monitor program.

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A well-known former FCC employee,
Hollingsworth explained how the program came to

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be at request of the FCC and
stressed the importance of

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keeping high standards on the air.

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As the program was organized,
he described how he polled FCC directors to see

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which areas needed more coverage from
the ARRL and received detailed responses

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the very next day, a sign of the FCC's
faith in the program's effectiveness.

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The sun continued shining and lines
where ice cream vendors grew in the

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afternoon. Most popular this year were
food stands serving cheesesteak and corn

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dog options,
which consistently drew long lines.

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Only at the end of the convention did
the wind pick up significantly, and the

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crowds began dispersing in
preparation for an approaching storm

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that just missed Hamvention weekend.

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This Sunday was the first time Hamvention
offered free admission for Sunday in

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hopes of drawing those from the area
who may not be dedicated hams but

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of some interest in what goes on.

00:13:58.001 --> 00:14:02.000
By all accounts, this year had brisk
attendance, some of the highest since the

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convention's relocation to the Greene
County Fairgrounds in Zenia, Ohio.

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The Atlanta Hamfest, set for June 1st in
Marietta, Georgia, has been canceled,

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according to the Hamfest Committee
of the Atlanta Radio Club and the

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Kennehochi Amateur Radio Club.

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It's every event organizer's worst
nightmare to have to cancel an

00:14:21.001 --> 00:14:23.000
event for things other than weather.

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And this was not done lightly, said Atlanta
Hamfest Chair John Talipksi, N3ACK.

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The Atlanta Hamfest is also the
ARRL Georgia Section Convention.

00:14:35.000 --> 00:14:39.001
Due to ongoing issues that we have not
been able to satisfactorily address at

00:14:39.001 --> 00:14:44.000
this time, related to our return to the
newly renovated facility, it was decided

00:14:44.000 --> 00:14:48.001
in the best interest of attendees and
vendors alike to cancel this year's show.

00:14:49.000 --> 00:14:54.001
The Hamfest was planning to return to Jim R.
Miller Park, its home since 2001,

00:14:54.001 --> 00:14:57.001
after a year away due to remodeling.

00:14:58.000 --> 00:15:02.001
Talipksi said the team made the tough
decision to cancel because it did not feel

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the goal of a fun, quality event was on track.

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He said the Atlanta Hamfest team is
turning its efforts toward the 2020 event

00:15:10.000 --> 00:15:14.000
planned for Saturday, June 6th at Jim R.
Miller Park.

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We apologize to our vendors,
presenters and attendees for any inconvenience

00:15:18.001 --> 00:15:20.000
this may cause, he added.

00:15:20.001 --> 00:15:26.000
Information on the 2020 Atlanta Hamfest
will be available on the Hamfest website.

00:15:26.000 --> 00:15:30.001
The ARRL announced the Springtime Section
Manager election results this week.

00:15:31.000 --> 00:15:36.000
For all those results, we go to Carla Pereira,
KC1HSX, who files this report

00:15:36.000 --> 00:15:38.000
from League Headquarters in Newington.

00:15:38.001 --> 00:15:44.000
In the only contested Section Manager
election this spring, ARRL members in Utah

00:15:44.000 --> 00:15:50.000
have re-elected Mel Parks and M7P as
Section Manager for a new two-year term of

00:15:50.000 --> 00:15:52.000
office that starts on July 1st.

00:15:52.000 --> 00:15:58.000
Parks of Leighton received 481 votes.
His opponent, Pat Mallon,

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N7PAT of South Jordan, received 233 votes.

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Parks has served as Section Manager since 1999.
Ballots were counted and verified

00:16:08.001 --> 00:16:19.001
at ARRL headquarters on May 21st.

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He was the only nominee for the post
after New Hampshire Section Manager Pete

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Storrer, K1PJS of Concord,
decided not to run for a new term after having

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served since 2013.

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Gotard is currently the Section Traffic
Manager and also serves as Net Manager

00:16:36.001 --> 00:16:38.000
and Official Relay Station.

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Steve Ostrove, K2SO of Elizabeth, New Jersey,
will become the Northern New Jersey

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Section Manager once again in July.

00:16:47.000 --> 00:16:53.000
Ostrove previously served as Section Manager
from 2016 through 2017. Northern New

00:16:53.000 --> 00:16:59.001
Jersey Section Manager Rob Ashusk,
KA2PBT, decided not to run for a new term

00:16:59.001 --> 00:17:01.000
after serving for the past two years.

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Several incumbent Section Managers faced
no opposition and were declared re

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-elected to new terms starting on July 1st.
Marty Pittinger,

00:17:11.000 --> 00:17:13.001
KB3MXM of Maryland, NDC.

00:17:14.000 --> 00:17:20.001
John Bighley, N7UR of Nevada,
Bob Bodette, W1YRC of Rhode Island,

00:17:21.001 --> 00:17:28.000
Dan Pruitt, AE6SX of San Joaquin Valley,
and Dale Durham, W5WI of West Texas.

00:17:28.001 --> 00:17:34.000
We pause for stations along the network
to identify. We are This Week in Amateur

00:17:34.000 --> 00:17:39.001
Radio, your amateur radio and technology
news magazine of the year. Available as

00:17:39.001 --> 00:17:43.001
a podcast on iTunes, Google Play, and tunein.
com.

00:18:05.000 --> 00:18:10.001
CQ Magazine over the weekend announced the
2019 inductees to its amateur radio DX

00:18:10.001 --> 00:18:12.000
and Contest Halls of Fame.

00:18:13.000 --> 00:18:18.000
The CQ Amateur Radio Hall of Fame added
five new members for 2019, making a total

00:18:18.000 --> 00:18:23.000
of 326 inductees since its
establishment in 2001.

00:18:23.001 --> 00:18:28.000
The CQ Amateur Radio Hall of Fame honors
radio amateurs who have made significant

00:18:28.000 --> 00:18:33.001
contributions to amateur radio,
to their professional careers, or to some other

00:18:33.001 --> 00:18:35.000
aspect of life on our planet.

00:18:35.001 --> 00:18:42.000
The 2019 inductees are John Attaway Sr.
, K4IIF, who was a silent key

00:18:42.000 --> 00:18:47.001
and served for more than 20 years as CQ's
DX editor, proposing the establishment

00:18:47.001 --> 00:18:51.000
of the CQ DX Hall of Fame in 1967.

00:18:52.000 --> 00:18:56.001
Professionally, he was a chemist who
spent 26 years as Director of Scientific

00:18:56.001 --> 00:19:01.000
Research for Florida Department of Citrus.
He served on several industry

00:19:01.000 --> 00:19:05.001
committees and was named to the
Florida Citrus Hall of Fame in 2001.

00:19:06.000 --> 00:19:13.000
Dave Bernstein, AA6YQ, authored the DX
Lab Software Suite, which he has placed

00:19:13.000 --> 00:19:18.001
in the public domain and provided
behind-the-scenes help in integrating ARRL's

00:19:18.001 --> 00:19:21.001
logbook of the world software
with outside programs.

00:19:22.000 --> 00:19:27.001
Doreen Bogdan-Martin, KD2JTX,
Director of the International Telecommunication

00:19:27.001 --> 00:19:32.001
Union, Telecommunication Development Bureau,
and the first woman ever to hold a

00:19:32.001 --> 00:19:35.001
senior elected position in the ITU.

00:19:36.000 --> 00:19:42.000
Pradescu Florin Christian, YO0CNU,
founder of Europe's Youngsters on the Air

00:19:42.000 --> 00:19:46.001
program to encourage young people to
become hams and be active on the air.

00:19:46.001 --> 00:19:53.001
Ellen White, W1YL,
first licensed in 1946, White served for

00:19:53.001 --> 00:20:00.000
more than 25 years, from 1952 to 1978,
on the ARRL's headquarters staff,

00:20:00.001 --> 00:20:04.000
at one point heading up
ARRL contesting activities.

00:20:04.000 --> 00:20:11.000
She retired as Deputy Communications Manager
and became QST's House DX Editor. On

00:20:11.000 --> 00:20:16.000
her own time, she recorded QST on tape
for the vision impaired through the U.S.

00:20:16.001 --> 00:20:18.001
Library of Congress's Talking Book program.

00:20:19.000 --> 00:20:23.001
She recently was named as a recipient
of the ET Crankle Medal for outstanding

00:20:23.001 --> 00:20:26.000
global contributions to amateur radio.

00:20:26.001 --> 00:20:32.000
Now with a look at the CQDX Hall of Fame
and Contest Hall of Fame winners is our

00:20:32.000 --> 00:20:35.000
own Will Rogers, K5WLR.

00:20:56.000 --> 00:21:02.000
The first induction ceremony held at the
annual Dayton DX Dinner on May 17th. The

00:21:02.000 --> 00:21:08.001
2019 inductees to the DX Hall
of Fame are Joe Taylor, K1JT,

00:21:09.000 --> 00:21:15.000
Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist who
has revolutionized the face of DXing with

00:21:15.000 --> 00:21:21.001
his WSJTX suite of weak signal
digital modes including FT8,

00:21:22.000 --> 00:21:25.001
which is capable of decoding
signals well below the noise level.

00:21:26.001 --> 00:21:33.001
Other WSJTX modes have revolutionized
VHF-UHF DXing, including via Moonbounce

00:21:33.001 --> 00:21:39.001
and Meteor Scatter. Taylor shared the
1993 Nobel Prize in Physics for the

00:21:39.001 --> 00:21:41.001
discovery of binary pulsars.

00:21:42.001 --> 00:21:49.000
Silvano Borsa, I2YSB,
and the Italian D-Expedition Team. The

00:21:49.000 --> 00:21:54.001
Italian D-Expedition Team has made more
than 20 major D-Expeditions in the past

00:21:54.001 --> 00:22:00.001
20 years, mostly to Africa, where its
members have activated more than a dozen

00:22:00.001 --> 00:22:05.000
rare countries making nearly 1.
4 million contacts along the way.

00:22:05.001 --> 00:22:10.001
The team has arranged for the donation
and delivery of two ambulances from Italy

00:22:10.001 --> 00:22:17.000
to Somalia, one of the many countries it
has activated. The CQDX Hall of Fame was

00:22:17.000 --> 00:22:23.000
established in 1967 to recognize those
amateurs who have made major contributions

00:22:23.000 --> 00:22:29.001
to DXing and D-Expeditioning.
This weekend marked the 54th annual induction.

00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:35.001
CQ Magazine inducted two new members
into the CQ Contest Hall of Fame, which

00:22:35.001 --> 00:22:40.001
honors contesters who stand out in their
own contesting performance while also

00:22:40.001 --> 00:22:43.000
contributing greatly to
the avocation as a whole.

00:22:43.001 --> 00:22:50.001
CQ Contesting editor David Sedal,
K3ZJ, presented Hall of Fame

00:22:50.001 --> 00:22:55.001
plaques at an induction ceremony held at
the annual Dayton Contest Dinner on May

00:22:55.001 --> 00:23:02.000
18. The 2019 inductees to the CQ
Contest Hall of Fame are Bruce Horn,

00:23:02.001 --> 00:23:09.001
WA7BNM, he provides a great service to
the contesting community via web-based

00:23:09.001 --> 00:23:12.000
resources for many popular contests.

00:23:12.000 --> 00:23:17.001
He maintains the most comprehensive contest
calendar on the web, and he developed

00:23:17.001 --> 00:23:23.001
the popular 3830scores.com website,
where contesters post raw scores after an

00:23:23.001 --> 00:23:30.000
event to compare notes and search past
contest logs. He is also manager of the

00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:33.001
North American QSO party
and developed the current

00:23:33.001 --> 00:23:35.001
National Contest Journal website.

00:23:35.001 --> 00:23:42.001
Dean Straw, N6BV, an outstanding contestor,
a talented writer, editor, presenter,

00:23:43.000 --> 00:23:48.000
and educator, Straw has advanced the
state of the art in antennas, computer

00:23:48.000 --> 00:23:52.000
modeling, propagation,
and contest planning and preparation.

00:23:52.000 --> 00:23:58.000
As an ARRL staff member for 15 years,
he edited multiple editions of the

00:23:58.000 --> 00:24:04.000
ARRL antenna book and several other
publications. He also developed the high

00:24:04.000 --> 00:24:09.000
frequency terrain analysis software,
which revolutionized antenna system planning

00:24:09.000 --> 00:24:15.001
by linking antenna design, installation height,
tower location, surrounding

00:24:15.001 --> 00:24:19.001
terrain, and the expected angles
of propagation to target regions.

00:24:19.001 --> 00:24:26.000
His work with the Propagation Prediction
Program, VOACAP, revolutionized contest

00:24:26.000 --> 00:24:30.001
planning, allowing specific band
opening predictions dependent on solar

00:24:30.001 --> 00:24:35.001
conditions to indicate optimal times
for band changes and operations.

00:24:36.001 --> 00:24:43.001
Kresimir Kriss Kvarik, 9A5K, silent key.
He developed the DX

00:24:43.001 --> 00:24:49.000
log and K log programs, competed in the
World Radio Sport Team Championships, and

00:24:49.000 --> 00:24:53.001
served the broader amateur radio community
in Europe as past president of the

00:24:53.001 --> 00:24:58.000
Croatian Amateur Radio Association
and as vice chairman of the

00:24:58.000 --> 00:25:00.001
IARU Region I HF committee.

00:25:01.001 --> 00:25:07.000
Kvarik died earlier this year.
The CQ Contest Hall of Fame was established in

00:25:07.000 --> 00:25:13.000
1986 to recognize those amateurs who have
made major contributions to the art of

00:25:13.000 --> 00:25:18.000
radio contesting. These years'
inductions bring the total number of members of

00:25:18.000 --> 00:25:22.000
the CQ Contest Hall of Fame to 74.

00:25:22.001 --> 00:25:26.001
A California man was sentenced to more
than a year and a half in prison on Friday

00:25:26.001 --> 00:25:30.000
after pleading guilty to threatening to
kill the family of Federal Communications

00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:34.001
Commission Chairman Ajit Pai over the
repeal of net neutrality regulations.

00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:41.001
Man Cara Mon, 33, had sent emails to Pai's
accounts on December of 2017, listing

00:25:41.001 --> 00:25:45.001
locations in and around Arlington, Virginia,
and threatening to kill his family

00:25:45.001 --> 00:25:50.000
if the Justice Department said in a release.
He also sent an image that Pai in

00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:52.001
the background featuring a
photograph of his family.

00:25:52.001 --> 00:25:57.000
In another email, Mon claimed that Pai was
responsible for the alleged suicide of

00:25:57.000 --> 00:26:02.000
a child over the Internet Neutrality
Rollback Petition. The FBI was able to trace

00:26:02.000 --> 00:26:06.000
the emails to Mon's home in California and
he admitted to agents that he sent the

00:26:06.000 --> 00:26:10.000
emails threatening his family.
Man threatened up to 10 years in prison on the

00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:12.001
charges but was ultimately
sentenced to 20 months.

00:26:13.000 --> 00:26:16.000
Threatening to actually kill a federal
official's family because of a

00:26:16.000 --> 00:26:21.001
disagreement over policy is not only
inexcusable, it's criminal, said G. Zachary

00:26:21.001 --> 00:26:25.000
Terwilliger, the U.S.
Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia.

00:26:25.001 --> 00:26:29.001
This prosecution shows that not only do
we take criminal threats seriously, but

00:26:29.001 --> 00:26:33.000
also that online threats of violence
have real-world consequences.

00:26:33.000 --> 00:26:37.001
Pai said months after the FCC's vote to
roll back the Obama-era net neutrality

00:26:37.001 --> 00:26:41.001
rules that his wife and family were
still receiving threatening messages and

00:26:41.001 --> 00:26:43.001
phone calls over the move.

00:26:44.000 --> 00:26:48.001
The FCC has recharged its Technological
Advisory Council, or TAC, for a two-year

00:26:48.001 --> 00:26:53.000
term. Comprised of a diverse group of
leading technology experts, the TAC

00:26:53.000 --> 00:26:58.000
provides technical expertise to the FCC
to identify important areas of innovation

00:26:58.000 --> 00:27:00.000
and develop informed technology policies.

00:27:00.001 --> 00:27:06.000
Greg Glabin, N9GL, will continue to
represent ARRL on the TAC. The TAC will

00:27:06.000 --> 00:27:09.001
consider and advise the Commission on a
variety of topics such as the deployment

00:27:09.001 --> 00:27:14.000
of 5G technology, the evolution of
broadband networks and devices and their

00:27:14.000 --> 00:27:18.000
implications, the new spectrum needs
of unmanned aircraft systems, new

00:27:18.000 --> 00:27:22.000
developments in antenna technology,
and the applications of artificial

00:27:22.000 --> 00:27:24.000
intelligence to telecommunication networks,
the FCC

00:27:24.000 --> 00:27:26.000
said in announcing the Recharter.

00:27:26.001 --> 00:27:31.001
Dennis Roberson, Executive Chairman of
NT GenLogic TM, chairs the Council.

00:27:32.000 --> 00:27:36.001
Michael Hye, Deputy Chief of the FCC
Policy and Rules Division, is a designated

00:27:36.001 --> 00:27:40.000
Federal Officer.
The TAC will next meet on June 21st.

00:27:40.001 --> 00:27:42.000
The public is welcome to attend.

00:27:43.000 --> 00:27:47.001
We pause for stations along the network
to identify. We are This Week in Amateur

00:27:47.001 --> 00:27:51.001
Radio, your amateur radio and
technology news magazine of the air.

00:28:10.000 --> 00:28:11.001
[...] of the TAC, the TAC, and the TAC.

00:28:11.001 --> 00:28:18.000
I'm Steve Ford, WB8IMY,
and this is the Propication Forecast for

00:28:18.000 --> 00:28:20.001
Friday, May 24th.

00:28:20.001 --> 00:28:25.000
The sun is as featureless as a billiard ball,
and it's been that way since May

00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:29.000
18th, so the solar flux index has dipped to 68.

00:28:29.001 --> 00:28:34.001
As usual, that translates to poor conditions
above 20 meters, although you may

00:28:34.001 --> 00:28:39.001
encounter some paths to South America
during the daylight hours on 15,

00:28:39.001 --> 00:28:41.000
12, and 10 meters.

00:28:41.001 --> 00:28:44.001
The solar wind is relatively
weak at the moment, so at least

00:28:44.001 --> 00:28:46.001
we don't have that to contend with.

00:28:46.001 --> 00:28:52.001
On VHF and UHF, tropoducting on 2 meters
and up has been intense along the Texas

00:28:52.001 --> 00:28:55.001
coast and extending as far north as Michigan.

00:28:56.000 --> 00:29:01.000
There have been reports of HAMS making
2-meter FM simplex contacts over hundreds

00:29:01.000 --> 00:29:03.000
of miles from their automobiles.

00:29:03.001 --> 00:29:08.001
This area of strong activity is forecast
to move east over the next several days.

00:29:09.000 --> 00:29:13.000
And now with This Week's satellite update,
here's Bruce Page, KK5DO.

00:29:13.001 --> 00:29:19.001
Back from Dayton. Saw lots of neat things.
Spent most of my time at the AMSAT

00:29:19.001 --> 00:29:21.001
booth and had many eyeball Q-SOs.

00:29:22.000 --> 00:29:26.001
One of the things that HAMS like to do
is have nets, and one net that has been

00:29:26.001 --> 00:29:30.001
around for a long,
long time is the Houston AMSAT net.

00:29:31.000 --> 00:29:36.001
I have been involved with it since I
was first licensed in 1993. It was

00:29:36.001 --> 00:29:38.000
going even before that.

00:29:38.000 --> 00:29:44.000
I started counting episodes some time way
back then, and we're now up to episode

00:29:44.000 --> 00:29:46.000
1308.

00:29:46.001 --> 00:29:52.001
The news is the latest about satellites,
and balloon launches always float in.

00:29:52.001 --> 00:29:59.000
The host is Andy W5ACM,
and Marty WV5Y records the audio.

00:29:59.000 --> 00:30:04.000
If you're in the Houston area, you can
listen directly on the repeater, the 145

00:30:04.000 --> 00:30:08.000
decimal 45, with a PL tone of 103.5.

00:30:08.001 --> 00:30:14.001
Or while the net is live between 8pm and
9pm central time on Tuesdays, you can

00:30:14.001 --> 00:30:19.001
listen on Echolink in the conference,
asterisk AMSAT asterisk.

00:30:19.001 --> 00:30:24.001
Finally, if you'd like to listen on your
drive to work or virtually any other

00:30:24.001 --> 00:30:29.000
time, the past four weeks worth
are available on my website

00:30:29.000 --> 00:30:30.001
and through Apple's podcast.

00:30:31.001 --> 00:30:38.000
To find the podcast in the Apple Podcast Store,
search on either AMSAT or KK5DO,

00:30:38.001 --> 00:30:45.000
or listen directly from my website, amsatnet.
com slash podcast.xml.

00:30:45.001 --> 00:30:48.000
This is Bruce Page, KK5DO.

00:30:48.000 --> 00:30:53.000
The Radio Society of Great Britain has
announced a Cricket World Cup Amateur

00:30:53.000 --> 00:30:56.000
Radio Marathon from May 30 until July 14.

00:30:56.001 --> 00:30:59.001
The Cricket World Cup will take
place in England and Wales.

00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:05.001
UK and international call signs will
be active on 9 HF bands on SSB,

00:31:05.001 --> 00:31:07.001
CW and digital modes.

00:31:07.001 --> 00:31:12.000
Award certificates will be offered based
on the number of contacts made with the

00:31:12.000 --> 00:31:14.000
special UK and international stations.

00:31:14.001 --> 00:31:19.000
Sponsors are inviting other countries to
take part and to activate special call

00:31:19.000 --> 00:31:23.000
signs with the suffix 19CWC or similar.

00:31:23.001 --> 00:31:30.000
A total of 31 special call signs will
be on the air in the UK, with GB19CWC

00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:34.001
representing the 2019 Cricket
World Cup headquarters in England.

00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:37.001
Listen for other GB19 prefix call signs.

00:31:37.001 --> 00:31:40.001
Teams will field special
event stations as well.

00:31:41.001 --> 00:31:46.000
Details, including the Rules for Awards
and a list of international call signs,

00:31:46.000 --> 00:31:52.001
are on the RSGB website at www.rsgb.org

00:31:52.001 --> 00:31:56.001
forward slash C-R-I-C-K-E-T.

00:31:57.000 --> 00:32:02.000
The RAC Board of Directors is pleased to
welcome two new officers to the Radio

00:32:02.000 --> 00:32:03.001
Amateur of Canada Executive.

00:32:04.000 --> 00:32:10.001
Doug Schulz, VE1IOU and Al Massey, VE3CWP.

00:32:11.000 --> 00:32:16.000
Doug Schulz,
VE1IOU has been appointed as RAC's new Chief

00:32:16.000 --> 00:32:18.000
Information Technology Officer.

00:32:18.001 --> 00:32:23.000
Doug resides near Londonburg, Nova Scotia,
having moved to Canada from the United

00:32:23.000 --> 00:32:24.001
States five years ago.

00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:30.000
He is a semi-retired electrical engineer
with a career spanning 38 years.

00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:34.001
He has 20 issued or pending
patents in the RF microwave and

00:32:34.001 --> 00:32:36.000
commercial semiconductor fields.

00:32:37.000 --> 00:32:42.001
He has been involved with the 802.
11W Land Market since its inception, and he led

00:32:42.001 --> 00:32:46.001
the development of the first commercially
available application specific

00:32:46.001 --> 00:32:48.000
chipset for this market.

00:32:49.000 --> 00:32:53.001
Doug has been an amateur since 1976 and
is a member of the Radio Amateurs of

00:32:53.001 --> 00:32:57.000
Canada and a life member of the
American Radio Relay League.

00:32:57.000 --> 00:33:01.000
He is also a member of the Londonburg
Amateur Radio Club and the Quarter

00:33:01.000 --> 00:33:03.000
Century Wireless Association.

00:33:03.001 --> 00:33:07.001
Doug's amateur radio interests are varied
and are centered primarily around HF

00:33:07.001 --> 00:33:11.001
operations including fixed,
mobile and remote operating.

00:33:12.000 --> 00:33:19.000
His home station on Heckmans Island includes
an Annan 7000 DLE STR, SPE Expert 1

00:33:19.000 --> 00:33:25.001
.3 KFA amplifier along with various
antennas including a Mosley Pro 67B

00:33:25.001 --> 00:33:29.000
with a good view of the
Atlantic just 100 yards away.

00:33:29.000 --> 00:33:33.001
All station operations are fully automated
and frequently operated remotely.

00:33:34.001 --> 00:33:41.001
Doug also operates HF and VHF UHF Mobile
with a Kenwood TS480HF radio and an ICOM

00:33:41.001 --> 00:33:47.001
ID 5100 VHF UHF D-STAR radio,
permanently mounted in his vehicle.

00:33:48.000 --> 00:33:51.000
During the winter months he
frequently operates Maritime Mobile

00:33:51.000 --> 00:33:52.001
from Florida and the Bahamas.

00:33:53.001 --> 00:33:57.001
He also enjoys QRP operation in
the field and experimenting with

00:33:57.001 --> 00:33:59.000
QRP equipment and antennas.

00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:06.000
As announced in the May-June 2019 issue
of the Canadian Amateur, Al Massey VE3

00:34:06.000 --> 00:34:10.001
CWP has been appointed to the
position of RAC Corporate Secretary.

00:34:11.000 --> 00:34:17.000
Al served as the RAC Corporate Secretary
from 2013 to 2015 and comes to us with a

00:34:17.000 --> 00:34:20.001
wealth of organizational skills,
history and wisdom.

00:34:21.000 --> 00:34:27.000
Al was first licensed on his 16th birthday
on May 29, 1958 and has been active in

00:34:27.000 --> 00:34:29.001
amateur radio for over 60 years.

00:34:29.001 --> 00:34:33.001
The Radio Amateur Society of Australia
has written to the Australian

00:34:33.001 --> 00:34:39.000
Radioregulator, the Australian Communications
and Media Authority, proposing a

00:34:39.000 --> 00:34:42.001
trial allocation in the 60 meter or 5 MHz band.

00:34:43.000 --> 00:34:48.000
We suggested that amateur operation be
restricted to the existing Australian

00:34:48.000 --> 00:34:55.000
commercial allocations of 5351, 5355 and 5360

00:34:55.000 --> 00:35:02.000
kHz using USB with a maximum 2.
8 kHz bandwidth and the 15-watt transmit power

00:35:02.000 --> 00:35:09.000
granted at the World Radio Conference,
as President Glenn Dunston, VK4DU said.

00:35:09.001 --> 00:35:14.000
We also proposed a trial digital
allocation in the vacant 5363

00:35:14.000 --> 00:35:17.001
-5365 kHz segment.

00:35:17.001 --> 00:35:22.000
We understand that these channels may not
line up with international allocations,

00:35:22.001 --> 00:35:27.000
but our first concern is to ensure
that sharing is possible with existing

00:35:27.000 --> 00:35:30.000
Australian commercial users, Glenn said.

00:35:30.001 --> 00:35:34.000
The channelized arrangement has been used
in many other countries to introduce

00:35:34.000 --> 00:35:40.000
the 5 MHz amateur band, notably Europe,
the USA and New Zealand.

00:35:40.001 --> 00:35:45.000
These countries all have much shorter
distances between amateurs and commercial

00:35:45.000 --> 00:35:46.001
users than Australia.

00:35:47.001 --> 00:35:53.001
The week reports that Morse Code is 175
years old and still as useful as ever.

00:35:54.000 --> 00:35:58.000
The first message sent by Morse Code's
dots and dashes across a long distance

00:35:58.000 --> 00:36:04.000
traveled from Washington,
DC to Baltimore on Friday, May 24, 1844,

00:36:04.001 --> 00:36:06.001
175 years ago.

00:36:07.000 --> 00:36:11.000
It signaled the first time in human
history that complex thoughts could be

00:36:11.000 --> 00:36:14.001
communicated at long distances
almost instantaneously.

00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:20.000
Until then, people had to have face-to-face
conversations, send coded messages

00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:25.001
through drums, smoke signals and
semaphore systems, or read printed words.

00:36:26.001 --> 00:36:31.001
Thanks to Samuel F. B. Morse, communication
changed rapidly and has been changing

00:36:31.001 --> 00:36:33.001
even faster ever since.

00:36:34.000 --> 00:36:39.001
He invented the electric telegraph in 1832.
It took six more years for him to

00:36:39.001 --> 00:36:42.001
standardize a code for
communicating over telegraph wires.

00:36:43.001 --> 00:36:49.000
In 1843, Congress gave him
$30,000 to string wires between the nation's

00:36:49.000 --> 00:36:51.000
capital and nearby Baltimore.

00:36:51.001 --> 00:36:55.000
When the line was completed,
he conducted a public demonstration

00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:56.001
of long distance communication.

00:36:57.001 --> 00:37:01.000
There is a thriving community
of amateur radio operators who

00:37:01.000 --> 00:37:02.001
treasure Morse Code too.

00:37:03.000 --> 00:37:07.001
Among amateur radio operators,
Morse Code is a cherished tradition tracing

00:37:07.001 --> 00:37:09.001
back to the earliest days of radio.

00:37:09.001 --> 00:37:15.000
Some of them may have begun in Boy Scouts,
which has made learning Morse variably

00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:17.001
optional or required over the years.

00:37:18.001 --> 00:37:22.001
The Federal Communications Commission used
to require all licensed amateur radio

00:37:22.001 --> 00:37:27.000
operators to demonstrate proficiency
in Morse Code, but that ended in 2007.

00:37:28.000 --> 00:37:33.000
The FCC does still issue commercial licenses
that require Morse proficiency, but

00:37:33.000 --> 00:37:35.000
no jobs require it anymore.

00:37:35.001 --> 00:37:40.001
We pause for stations along the network
to identify. We are This Week in Amateur

00:37:40.001 --> 00:37:45.000
Radio, your amateur radio and technology
news magazine of the air, available

00:37:45.000 --> 00:37:50.000
online at www.twir.net.

00:38:10.001 --> 00:38:15.001
And now with the latest technology news
and commentary from Petaluma, California,

00:38:16.000 --> 00:38:19.001
This Week in Amateur Radio is
proud to present Leo Laporte.

00:38:19.001 --> 00:38:25.001
Leo Laporte, the tech guy coming
to you live from Paradise City.

00:38:27.001 --> 00:38:32.000
Some very good news from the FCC, Ajit Pai,
the chairman of the FCC. You know,

00:38:32.000 --> 00:38:36.000
they've been trying desperately
to figure out a way to handle

00:38:36.000 --> 00:38:37.001
this robocall thing.

00:38:38.000 --> 00:38:40.001
It's estimated that more than half of all
the phone calls coming to your phone,

00:38:41.000 --> 00:38:44.001
in some cases as much as 90% of all the
phone calls coming to your smartphone,

00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:46.001
are robocalls.

00:38:46.001 --> 00:38:50.001
They're not real people calling you,
even though their phone number might look

00:38:50.001 --> 00:38:53.001
like somebody you know,
somebody from your area code, even from your

00:38:53.001 --> 00:38:55.001
neighborhood. They're not.

00:38:56.000 --> 00:39:00.000
And they're robocalls because it's really
cheap for them to make those calls with

00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:03.000
automated machinery. That's why it's
not a real person on the other end.

00:39:04.000 --> 00:39:08.000
And they don't really care if they don't,
you know, get a lot of hits because it

00:39:08.000 --> 00:39:10.001
costs them so little to make the call.
Even if one in a thousand people

00:39:10.001 --> 00:39:12.001
bite, it's profitable.

00:39:12.001 --> 00:39:17.000
It's been very difficult. Most robocallers
are out of the country. There have

00:39:17.000 --> 00:39:21.000
been prosecutions of robocall companies
in India and here in the United States,

00:39:21.000 --> 00:39:24.000
but it has not done anything
to slow robocalls down.

00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:30.000
The FCC has announced they're going to
vote on a new measure that would allow

00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:35.000
carriers to automatically register you,
the customer, for call blocking

00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:37.000
technology automatically.

00:39:37.000 --> 00:39:41.000
The difference is you can call the phone
company now on your cell phone and say,

00:39:41.000 --> 00:39:45.001
I don't want to get a call from this person
or that person. But what would happen

00:39:45.001 --> 00:39:50.001
with this new rule and the votes
coming up June 6th, so can you

00:39:50.001 --> 00:39:52.000
write, are they asking for comments?
I don't know.

00:39:52.000 --> 00:39:57.000
Write to a FCC commissioner saying pass this.
It would allow, this is a solution

00:39:57.000 --> 00:40:01.000
somebody mentioned I think last weekend,
it would allow you to block calls coming

00:40:01.000 --> 00:40:03.001
from a phone number that's
not on your contact list.

00:40:04.000 --> 00:40:07.000
So you'd only, you know, only calls that
you would even see on your phone are

00:40:07.000 --> 00:40:11.000
from people you know. Now there is a
potential problem because I've mentioned

00:40:11.000 --> 00:40:15.001
this before. My doctor, for some reason,
probably privacy reasons, uses a blocked

00:40:15.001 --> 00:40:18.000
number.
He doesn't call from an identifiable number.

00:40:18.001 --> 00:40:22.001
So I can't add him to my contact list.
I wouldn't hear his call. I guess it'd go

00:40:22.001 --> 00:40:25.001
to voicemail. He could leave a message
and I can call him back. So it's not the

00:40:25.001 --> 00:40:28.000
end of the world.
But what do you think? I like this idea.

00:40:28.001 --> 00:40:32.000
Chairman Ajit Pai said allowing call
blocking by default could be a big benefit

00:40:32.000 --> 00:40:37.000
for customers who are sick and tired of
robocalls. Say it with me, I'm mad as

00:40:37.000 --> 00:40:38.001
heck and I'm not going to take it anymore.

00:40:39.000 --> 00:40:42.001
By making it clear that such call blocking
is allowed, the FCC will give voice

00:40:42.001 --> 00:40:46.000
service providers the legal certainty they
need to block unwanted calls from the

00:40:46.000 --> 00:40:53.000
outset so that consumers never have to
get them. 48 billion robocalls in the US

00:40:53.000 --> 00:41:00.000
last year alone. 48 billion. Holy cow.
So anyway, that's a little bit

00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.001
of good news.
I was happy to hear from the FCC on that one.

00:41:05.001 --> 00:41:11.000
Let's see, what else is in the news?
We've been watching on the show over the

00:41:11.000 --> 00:41:14.001
last couple of years.
She goes all the way back to 2012, I think.

00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:21.001
The story of Huawei, the Chinese phone
and network equipment manufacturer.

00:41:22.000 --> 00:41:26.001
Some have accused of being owned by
the Chinese government or the Chinese

00:41:26.001 --> 00:41:29.000
military. Actually Huawei's
ownership is a little mysterious.

00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:35.001
They claim to be owned by their workers,
but it's difficult to find exactly

00:41:35.001 --> 00:41:39.000
what's going on there.
They're in mainland China.

00:41:40.001 --> 00:41:44.000
They do make, they're the number two phone
manufacturer in the world. They make

00:41:44.000 --> 00:41:48.001
very popular Android devices.
You may not have heard of them because they are

00:41:48.001 --> 00:41:50.000
not sold in the United States.

00:41:51.000 --> 00:41:55.000
But sometimes people buy them unlocked,
you know, on Amazon and other places, but

00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:59.000
no carrier sells them in the US and they
don't market into the US. You may have

00:41:59.000 --> 00:42:04.000
heard of the Huawei Matebook laptops.
They're very popular, even in the US

00:42:04.000 --> 00:42:07.001
because they're excellent high quality
laptops at a very affordable price.

00:42:07.001 --> 00:42:11.001
And if you're a network operator,
you know Huawei because they're the number one

00:42:11.001 --> 00:42:16.001
manufacturer of network equipment,
particularly 5G equipment in the world.

00:42:17.000 --> 00:42:21.001
You may also remember back in 2012,
the US Department of Commerce warning

00:42:21.001 --> 00:42:27.000
American companies to stay away from
equipment manufactured by a couple of

00:42:27.000 --> 00:42:31.000
Chinese companies, including Huawei,
because of the fear that the Chinese

00:42:31.000 --> 00:42:33.000
government might have some
influence in these companies.

00:42:33.001 --> 00:42:37.000
And perhaps they could use their
networking equipment to spy on American

00:42:37.000 --> 00:42:41.000
companies for industrial espionage.
There's also an undercurrent of maybe fear

00:42:41.000 --> 00:42:47.000
about Huawei and others, ZTE, Xiaomi,
those are the big three, that perhaps

00:42:47.000 --> 00:42:52.001
their network equipment, if it were embedded
too deeply into our infrastructure,

00:42:52.001 --> 00:42:54.001
could be used in cyber warfare.

00:42:54.001 --> 00:43:01.000
So not only industrial espionage,
but governmental espionage and even perhaps a

00:43:01.000 --> 00:43:05.000
governmental attack bringing down our networks.
There's a lot of fear there.

00:43:06.000 --> 00:43:10.000
Huawei's equipment is network equipment,
like all modern network equipment, is a

00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:11.001
combination of hardware and software.

00:43:12.000 --> 00:43:15.001
In fact, more and more, the software
is really what makes it work. And the

00:43:15.001 --> 00:43:21.000
problem with that is software,
it can be updated remotely, you know, without

00:43:21.000 --> 00:43:22.001
intervention from the operator.

00:43:23.000 --> 00:43:27.000
And so you might look at a piece of Huawei
gear in the past, if it's just been

00:43:27.000 --> 00:43:29.001
hardware, countries could take it apart,
could say, yeah, we

00:43:29.001 --> 00:43:31.000
verify this is safe and use it.

00:43:31.001 --> 00:43:36.000
But since it's all or mostly software
these days, there's no guarantee. It could

00:43:36.000 --> 00:43:39.000
be completely safe today and
a real problem tomorrow.

00:43:39.000 --> 00:43:45.001
So the most recent events in the Huawei
story are the president saying no Huawei

00:43:45.001 --> 00:43:50.001
gear will be used in the United States
period in networks. And according to

00:43:50.001 --> 00:43:54.000
Reuters, Google is doing the same thing as of

00:43:54.000 --> 00:43:56.000
today. Now, this is not confirmed by Google.

00:43:56.001 --> 00:44:01.001
Google has suspended business with Huawei.
Now, you might say, well, what does

00:44:01.001 --> 00:44:06.001
that mean? Well, it means if you have a
Huawei phone and there are very popular

00:44:06.001 --> 00:44:10.001
phones, my friend Paul Therrado is a
Windows journalist, loves his Huawei

00:44:10.001 --> 00:44:12.000
is the P20.

00:44:12.000 --> 00:44:15.001
I can't remember the model, but he loves
his phone. It's got an amazing camera,

00:44:16.000 --> 00:44:21.000
really great phone. I have a P20 myself.
Well, you're going to lose access to not

00:44:21.000 --> 00:44:22.001
only Android operating system updates.

00:44:23.000 --> 00:44:26.000
That's always a problem with any Android
phone because that means no security

00:44:26.000 --> 00:44:31.001
patches. But the next version of its
smartphones outside of China will will also

00:44:31.001 --> 00:44:33.000
actually know the phones in China had it.

00:44:33.001 --> 00:44:37.001
But phones sold outside of China will no
longer have access to any Google apps,

00:44:38.000 --> 00:44:43.000
including the Play Store and Gmail.
According to Reuters, Huawei attorneys are

00:44:43.000 --> 00:44:46.000
studying the impacts of the
commerce department's actions.

00:44:47.000 --> 00:44:51.000
This story about Google just broke today.
I've kind of been on the fence in all

00:44:51.000 --> 00:44:55.001
this because it did sound political.
I have to say it no longer sounds political.

00:44:56.000 --> 00:44:58.001
It sounds like serious and genuine concerns.

00:44:59.000 --> 00:45:03.000
The reason I was on the fence is because
it hadn't been demonstrated by anybody,

00:45:03.001 --> 00:45:08.000
to my knowledge, that any Huawei gear
had any security flaws. And Huawei has

00:45:08.000 --> 00:45:10.000
always said, no, no,
we adhere to the higher standards.

00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:15.001
If you, you know, data that is routed
from your phone to our servers is it's

00:45:15.001 --> 00:45:20.001
routed to Germany, not China.
Because Android is open source, Huawei will be

00:45:20.001 --> 00:45:22.000
able to continue to make Android phones.

00:45:22.001 --> 00:45:27.001
But without Google updates, technical
support and Google apps, that makes that a

00:45:27.001 --> 00:45:31.001
much less desirable phone. Huawei does
have an alternative in China because

00:45:31.001 --> 00:45:33.001
Google doesn't do business in China. So

00:45:33.001 --> 00:45:35.001
they have something they're doing in China.

00:45:35.001 --> 00:45:40.000
Maybe they tried to extend that globally.
I don't know. Thursday, Huawei was

00:45:40.000 --> 00:45:45.000
added to a trade blacklist, which meant
that no U.S. company could do business

00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:49.000
with Huawei. So Google may just be following,
you know, without any evidence,

00:45:49.001 --> 00:45:51.001
just saying, well, that's the law.
That's the law.

00:45:52.000 --> 00:45:55.001
But that is a shame for people who really
like Huawei hardware. And I'm one of

00:45:55.001 --> 00:46:00.001
them. It's very impressive. But you know,
if it's dangerous to use, if it could

00:46:00.001 --> 00:46:03.001
compromise national security,
I guess it's probably better not

00:46:03.001 --> 00:46:05.000
to. There are other choices.

00:46:06.000 --> 00:46:10.001
There's 5G gear, the number two and
three companies that manufacture 5G

00:46:10.001 --> 00:46:14.000
networking gear, which we need desperately
if we're going to get to 5G in the

00:46:14.000 --> 00:46:17.000
next few years.
Our Ericsson and Nokia, Scandinavian

00:46:17.000 --> 00:46:19.000
companies, Finnish companies.
So that should be all right.

00:46:19.001 --> 00:46:22.000
And what I'd love to see is American
companies step up and say, well, here's a

00:46:22.000 --> 00:46:26.001
big opportunity. You know, unfortunately,
right now Apple dominates the American

00:46:26.001 --> 00:46:29.000
market with Samsung as a second.

00:46:29.001 --> 00:46:33.000
I like Samsung gear a lot. I think they
make very good gear. I don't feel like

00:46:33.000 --> 00:46:39.000
Apple is particularly cutting edge.
And one of the reasons people like the Huawei

00:46:39.000 --> 00:46:44.000
phones is they were doing something
different and trying some interesting ideas

00:46:44.000 --> 00:46:47.000
and making very affordable phones.
Apple phones only seem to get more

00:46:47.000 --> 00:46:49.000
expensive every year.

00:46:49.001 --> 00:46:54.001
That's pretty much a guaranteed trend,
isn't it? Thinner and more expensive. Lea

00:46:54.001 --> 00:46:56.000
La Porte, the tech guy.

00:46:56.000 --> 00:47:01.001
Are you ready for another trip into amateur
radio history? I'm Bill Cantonelli,

00:47:02.000 --> 00:47:08.001
W2XOY, and I'll be back in a moment with
another edition of the Ancient Amateur

00:47:08.001 --> 00:47:12.001
Archives here on This Week in Amateur Radio.

00:47:13.000 --> 00:47:17.001
You're listening to North America's
premiere amateur radio and technology news

00:47:17.001 --> 00:47:22.000
magazine of the air. We are This Week in
Amateur Radio distributed worldwide at

00:47:22.000 --> 00:47:24.000
TWIAR.net.

00:47:46.000 --> 00:47:52.000
Welcome to the Ancient Amateur Archives.

00:48:03.000 --> 00:48:06.001
I'm Bill Cantonelli, W2XOY.

00:48:07.000 --> 00:48:11.000
Our founding fathers knew that the United
States would have to enter into legal

00:48:11.000 --> 00:48:16.000
and binding agreements with foreign countries.
Thus, in Article II, Section 2 of

00:48:16.000 --> 00:48:20.000
the Constitution, they gave the president
the power to make treaties with

00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:22.000
approval of two-thirds of the Senate.

00:48:22.001 --> 00:48:26.001
Over the years, the Supreme Court has
ruled that provisions of a treaty are

00:48:26.001 --> 00:48:32.000
constitutional and legally binding even
if the exact same provisions contained in

00:48:32.000 --> 00:48:36.000
a law not covered by a treaty would
not pass the constitutional test.

00:48:37.000 --> 00:48:41.000
Under the Radio Act of 1927 and the
regulations issued by the Federal Radio

00:48:41.000 --> 00:48:44.001
Commission,
amateurs were in the catbird seat, to

00:48:44.001 --> 00:48:46.001
use a popular phrase of the day.

00:48:46.001 --> 00:48:53.000
They had over 2,700 kilocycles of
spectrum between 160 and 20 meters, plus

00:48:53.000 --> 00:48:59.000
another 15,000 kilocycles at 5 meters.
They had a Secretary of Commerce, Herbert

00:48:59.000 --> 00:49:01.001
Hoover, who was a strong proponent of amateur

00:49:01.001 --> 00:49:04.001
radio. Congress was supportive and sympathetic.

00:49:05.000 --> 00:49:09.000
Nothing could go wrong.
Or could it? Yes, it could.

00:49:10.000 --> 00:49:14.001
An international radio telegraph conference
was scheduled for Washington, D.C. on

00:49:14.001 --> 00:49:21.000
October 4, 1927. Here, participants from
74 nations would gather to hammer out an

00:49:21.000 --> 00:49:25.000
international treaty covering
the entire known radio spectrum.

00:49:25.001 --> 00:49:30.001
Once this treaty was accepted by the Senate,
it would become law and supersede

00:49:30.001 --> 00:49:33.000
anything contained in the 1927 Act.

00:49:33.001 --> 00:49:38.000
Although amateurs could count on the full
support of the U.S. delegation, we had

00:49:38.000 --> 00:49:42.000
only one vote,
the same as any of the other 73 participants.

00:49:42.001 --> 00:49:47.001
So how much support could we count on from
the other countries? Sadly, not much.

00:49:48.000 --> 00:49:53.001
Democracy was still a foreign idea to
most nations. Many hovered in that gray

00:49:53.001 --> 00:49:58.001
area between the Old World
monarchies and fascism communism.

00:49:59.001 --> 00:50:03.001
Communications were a government monopoly.
Individual private stations were

00:50:03.001 --> 00:50:09.000
feared. They could compete with the
government stations, or they could be used in

00:50:09.000 --> 00:50:11.000
anti-government activities.

00:50:11.000 --> 00:50:16.001
This attitude was even present in the
representatives from England and France. As

00:50:16.001 --> 00:50:20.001
for the other countries,
many were blatantly anti-amateur radio.

00:50:21.000 --> 00:50:25.001
Germany, for example, stated that private
stations could violate the rights of

00:50:25.001 --> 00:50:30.000
the state. Switzerland was on the
record against amateur radio.

00:50:30.000 --> 00:50:35.001
Japan would tolerate amateurs, however
they would have to use phantom, i.e. non

00:50:35.001 --> 00:50:39.000
-radiating antennas.
In other words, you could have a transmitter,

00:50:39.001 --> 00:50:41.000
you just couldn't radiate a signal.

00:50:41.001 --> 00:50:46.001
One proposal would only give amateurs
frequencies below 13 meters or

00:50:46.001 --> 00:50:48.000
above 23 megacycles.

00:50:49.000 --> 00:50:54.000
Fortunately, the A.R.L. and the
International Amateur Radio Union, which was

00:50:54.000 --> 00:50:57.001
founded in 1925,
were well aware of this hostility and

00:50:57.001 --> 00:50:59.001
had made detailed preparations.

00:51:00.000 --> 00:51:06.000
The IARU and the A.R.L. both had made
presentations to the various delegations

00:51:06.000 --> 00:51:07.001
prior to the start of the conference.

00:51:08.000 --> 00:51:11.001
Support of the amateur community was
also received from private radio

00:51:11.001 --> 00:51:13.001
interests and radio manufacturers.

00:51:14.000 --> 00:51:18.001
The A.R.L. and the IARU would both have
delegates attending the conference.

00:51:18.001 --> 00:51:23.001
And so, after the opening session,
which was addressed by President Calvin

00:51:23.001 --> 00:51:28.000
Coolidge and Secretary of Commerce Herbert
Hoover, who was also president of the

00:51:28.000 --> 00:51:31.000
conference,
the delegates divided themselves into

00:51:31.000 --> 00:51:33.000
subcommittees and began to work.

00:51:33.000 --> 00:51:37.001
England, the European country
most favorable to amateur radio,

00:51:37.001 --> 00:51:39.001
made its first proposal.

00:51:40.000 --> 00:51:46.001
Amateurs would be allowed in the 150-200
meter band or 1500-2000 kilo cycles

00:51:46.001 --> 00:51:49.001
with a maximum power of 10 watts.

00:51:49.001 --> 00:51:56.000
The A.R.L.
and IARU delegates, KB Warner, HP Maxim and CH

00:51:56.000 --> 00:52:01.000
Stewart, as well as WD Tyrell,
who was chief of the radio division in the

00:52:01.000 --> 00:52:04.000
Department of Commerce,
indicated that this was unacceptable.

00:52:04.000 --> 00:52:09.000
The British came up with a compromised
position. Amateurs would have the 150

00:52:09.000 --> 00:52:15.001
meter band, as well as bands at 2.
75 megacycles, 3.66 megacycles,

00:52:16.000 --> 00:52:22.001
5.5 megacycles, 11 megacycles,
22 megacycles and 44 megacycles.

00:52:23.000 --> 00:52:28.000
Except for the 1500 kilo cycle to 2000
kilo cycle segment, each band would be

00:52:28.000 --> 00:52:30.001
only 100 kilo cycles wide.

00:52:30.001 --> 00:52:36.000
The total amateur allocations under the
British proposal were 1100 kilo cycles,

00:52:36.001 --> 00:52:41.001
of which 900 kilo cycles was in the known
usable spectrum below 15 megacycles.

00:52:42.000 --> 00:52:47.000
This was a 60% reduction for American hams
in the frequencies below 15 megacycles

00:52:47.000 --> 00:52:52.000
and a whopping 93%
reduction when you counted our 4-5 meter band.

00:52:52.001 --> 00:52:58.000
Nevertheless, many delegates urged the U.
S. and the A.R.L. and the IARU

00:52:58.000 --> 00:53:00.001
representatives to accept this proposal.

00:53:01.000 --> 00:53:03.001
They pointed out that it was
far more generous than many

00:53:03.001 --> 00:53:05.001
countries were willing to give on their own.

00:53:06.000 --> 00:53:10.000
With the use of CW and Crystal Control,
it was argued, there would be

00:53:10.000 --> 00:53:11.001
enough room for all amateurs.

00:53:12.000 --> 00:53:16.000
Many were afraid that if the British
compromise wasn't accepted, a more

00:53:16.000 --> 00:53:18.001
restrictive amateur band
plan would take its place.

00:53:19.000 --> 00:53:25.000
The A.R.L. and IARU delegates had one
thing in their corner, however, the strong

00:53:25.000 --> 00:53:28.000
support of Secretary Hoover
and the American delegation.

00:53:28.001 --> 00:53:32.001
With that,
they found the strength to carefully carry on.

00:53:33.000 --> 00:53:35.001
They were diplomatic, but they were persistent.

00:53:36.001 --> 00:53:40.000
Maxim, Stewart and Warner proceeded,
step by step.

00:53:40.001 --> 00:53:47.000
The 160 meter band was first agreed
on from 1715 to 2000 kilo cycles.

00:53:47.001 --> 00:53:51.001
Next, it was decided that the remaining
amateur bands would be at the 80,

00:53:52.000 --> 00:53:53.001
40, 20 meter spots.

00:53:54.000 --> 00:53:56.001
How wide they would be was the next argument.

00:53:57.000 --> 00:54:02.000
On the 80 meter band, everyone was at a
stalemate until it was suggested that the

00:54:02.000 --> 00:54:08.001
band could be from 3500 kilo cycles to
4000 kilo cycles on a non-exclusive basis.

00:54:09.000 --> 00:54:11.000
This was accepted by all of the delegates.

00:54:11.000 --> 00:54:15.000
Each country could decide for
themselves how much of the 500 kilo

00:54:15.000 --> 00:54:16.001
cycles they would allocate to amateurs.

00:54:17.001 --> 00:54:19.000
Next on the agenda was 20 meters.

00:54:20.000 --> 00:54:24.000
The United States wanted
14,000 to 16,000 kilo cycles.

00:54:24.001 --> 00:54:27.001
There was no way any of the
other delegates would agree.

00:54:28.000 --> 00:54:33.000
After much debate, the U.S. delegation
realized that 400 kilo cycles was the

00:54:33.000 --> 00:54:36.000
maximum they were going to get and acquiesced.

00:54:36.000 --> 00:54:42.000
With 160, 80 and 20 out of the way, and the U.
S. assured of at least adequate

00:54:42.000 --> 00:54:46.001
domestic and international allocations,
the subcommittee turned to 40 meters.

00:54:47.000 --> 00:54:50.001
The American delegation wanted
7000 to 8000 kilo cycles.

00:54:51.000 --> 00:54:56.000
The most any other country was
willing to offer was 7000 to 7200.

00:54:56.001 --> 00:55:01.001
Germany, in fact, put a high power station
on 7200 kilo cycles in order to thwart

00:55:01.001 --> 00:55:04.000
a large amateur allocation on 40 meters.

00:55:04.001 --> 00:55:08.001
Back and forth the debate went,
the other delegates finally offered

00:55:08.001 --> 00:55:10.001
225 kilo cycles.

00:55:11.000 --> 00:55:13.001
Maxim and Stewart felt they
had played their last hand

00:55:13.001 --> 00:55:15.000
and wanted to accept the proposal.

00:55:16.000 --> 00:55:19.000
Warner, however,
still pushed for 400 kilo cycles.

00:55:20.000 --> 00:55:21.000
More debates followed.

00:55:22.000 --> 00:55:25.000
Finally,
other delegates agreed to 300 kilo cycles.

00:55:26.000 --> 00:55:30.000
From that point, additional bands were
then set up at 10 meters and 5 meters.

00:55:30.000 --> 00:55:33.001
When the dust had settled, the conference
had approved the following amateur

00:55:33.001 --> 00:55:40.001
bands. 1715 to 2000 kilo cycles,
3500 to 4000 kilo cycles,

00:55:41.000 --> 00:55:47.000
7000 to 7300 kilo cycles,
14000 to 14400 kilo cycles,

00:55:47.001 --> 00:55:52.001
28 to 30 mega cycles and 56 to 60 mega cycles.

00:55:53.000 --> 00:55:56.001
This was a 37.
5% reduction in the frequencies amateurs

00:55:56.001 --> 00:55:58.001
had under the U.S. regulations.

00:55:58.001 --> 00:56:02.001
However, it was a vast increase for
the amateurs of most other countries.

00:56:03.001 --> 00:56:07.000
Furthermore, the frequencies approved by
the conference established amateur radio

00:56:07.000 --> 00:56:11.000
under international law,
something which had not existed before.

00:56:11.001 --> 00:56:15.000
Given the circumstances,
this was a major victory for amateur radio.

00:56:15.001 --> 00:56:19.000
Initially, there was some opposition
by a minority of the U.S. Hams

00:56:19.000 --> 00:56:20.001
to the ratification of the treaty.

00:56:20.001 --> 00:56:25.001
The A.R.L. and the vast majority of amateurs,
however, supported it, knowing that

00:56:25.001 --> 00:56:29.001
a small loss in frequencies was insignificant
in comparison to the international

00:56:29.001 --> 00:56:32.001
recognition now given to amateur radio.

00:56:33.000 --> 00:56:38.000
The Senate agreed and on March 21,
1928 ratified the treaty.

00:56:38.001 --> 00:56:43.000
As a postscript, Herbert Hoover,
the Secretary of Commerce, who had always

00:56:43.000 --> 00:56:47.001
supported amateur radio 100%,
was elected President of the United States

00:56:47.001 --> 00:56:49.000
in November 1928.

00:56:49.000 --> 00:56:53.001
Although most remember his administration
as coinciding with the onset of the

00:56:53.001 --> 00:56:57.000
Great Depression,
it was also the time of the greatest growth

00:56:57.000 --> 00:56:58.001
in amateur radio history.

00:56:59.000 --> 00:57:05.001
From the 1929 total of 16,289
Hams to the 1933 count of

00:57:05.001 --> 00:57:11.000
41,555, amateur radio grew 255

00:57:11.000 --> 00:57:13.000
% in four years.

00:57:13.000 --> 00:57:19.000
Before his death at the age of 90,
on October 20, 1964, Hoover would live to see

00:57:19.000 --> 00:57:25.001
his son, Herbert Hoover Jr.
, W6ZH, elected President of the A.R.L.

00:57:25.001 --> 00:57:30.000
and see an amateur running for President
of the United States, Barry Goldwater,

00:57:31.000 --> 00:57:33.001
K7UGA, K3UIG.

00:57:34.001 --> 00:57:39.000
Whatever historians may think of his
administration, Hams will always remember

00:57:39.000 --> 00:57:42.001
Herbert Hoover as a friend to amateur radio.

00:57:43.000 --> 00:57:47.000
Next time, the ancient amateur archives
will begin to explore the battle over the

00:57:47.000 --> 00:57:50.000
VHF spectrum in the mid 1940s.

00:57:50.000 --> 00:57:54.001
Did you ever wonder what happened to
TV channel 1? The ancient amateur

00:57:54.001 --> 00:57:56.001
archives will have the answers.

00:57:58.001 --> 00:58:05.000
Your time is up. Go in peace.
But return again for our next

00:58:05.000 --> 00:58:09.000
installment of the ancient amateur archives.

00:58:27.001 --> 00:58:33.000
We pause for stations along the network
to identify. We are This Week in Amateur

00:58:33.000 --> 00:58:37.001
Radio, your amateur radio and technology
news magazine of the air, available

00:58:37.001 --> 00:58:42.000
online at www.twir.net.

00:59:02.001 --> 00:59:07.000
AMSAT is soliciting nominations for
its board of directors election. Four

00:59:07.000 --> 00:59:12.001
directors' terms expire this year,
Jerry Buxton, N0JY, Clayton Coleman,

00:59:13.000 --> 00:59:19.001
W5PFG, Drew Glassbrenner,
K04MA, and Paul Stetzer,

00:59:20.000 --> 00:59:21.001
NH8M.

00:59:21.001 --> 00:59:26.001
In addition, up to two alternates may
be selected for one-year terms. A valid

00:59:26.001 --> 00:59:31.000
nomination requires either one member
society or five individual members in good

00:59:31.000 --> 00:59:34.000
standing to nominate an
AMSAT member for director.

00:59:34.000 --> 00:59:38.001
Written nominations, consisting of the
nominees' name and call sign and the

00:59:38.001 --> 00:59:42.001
nominating individual names, call signs,
and individual signatures should be

00:59:42.001 --> 00:59:48.000
mailed to AMSAT 10605 Concord Street,
Suite 304, Kensington, MD

00:59:48.000 --> 00:59:52.000
20895-2526.

00:59:52.000 --> 00:59:56.001
Hard copy nominations are the preferred method,
but an intent to nominate may be

00:59:56.001 --> 01:00:03.000
submitted electronically to Martha at AMSAT.
org or fax to 301-822

01:00:03.000 --> 01:00:04.001
-4371.

01:00:05.000 --> 01:00:10.000
Petitions must arrive at the AMSAT office
no later than June 15. In the case of

01:00:10.000 --> 01:00:14.000
electronic nominations, a verifying
traditional written petition must be received

01:00:14.000 --> 01:00:18.000
at the AMSAT office within seven days
following the close of nominations on June

01:00:18.000 --> 01:00:20.001
15. It will be considered valid.

01:00:44.001 --> 01:00:49.001
Petitions of amateur radio

01:00:52.000 --> 01:00:55.001
and the water, sky, or the background of
the Australian flag on top of the bridge

01:00:55.001 --> 01:00:57.001
might be just as complicated.

01:00:58.001 --> 01:01:02.001
If you were asked to make the image with
100 dots and only use black and white,

01:01:03.000 --> 01:01:06.001
from the perspective of the viewer
you'd have a result that was easier to

01:01:06.001 --> 01:01:10.001
understand.
Use a thousand dots even easier, even

01:01:10.001 --> 01:01:12.000
if you only use black and white.

01:01:13.000 --> 01:01:18.001
Now, if you were to use 100 dots with
10 colours, your image might be just as

01:01:18.001 --> 01:01:22.000
easy to understand as if it was a
thousand dots in black and white.

01:01:23.000 --> 01:01:28.001
The point is there are two things going
on here. The number of dots and the

01:01:28.001 --> 01:01:34.000
information contained in each dot.
More dots or more colours, or

01:01:34.000 --> 01:01:35.001
both, will help your image.

01:01:37.000 --> 01:01:43.001
Similarly, in software-defined radio,
more dots, that is, more samples, will help

01:01:43.001 --> 01:01:47.000
and, as I've previously mentioned,
you need at least twice the number of samples

01:01:47.000 --> 01:01:52.000
as the highest frequency that you're measuring.
But what of the colours

01:01:52.000 --> 01:01:53.001
in relation to an SDR?

01:01:55.000 --> 01:01:59.000
Measuring voltage as a human with a piece
of paper is pretty straightforward.

01:01:59.001 --> 01:02:01.001
Provided you've got a voltmeter, a piece of

01:02:01.001 --> 01:02:03.001
paper and a scribble stick, you're good to go.

01:02:04.000 --> 01:02:09.000
If you measure your voltage as 1 volt,
you write 1. If it's minus 1 volt, you

01:02:09.000 --> 01:02:16.000
write minus 1. Similarly, if it's 100 volts,
you write 100. 13.8 volts and

01:02:16.000 --> 01:02:17.001
you'd write 13.8.

01:02:18.000 --> 01:02:19.001
We'll get back to colours in a moment.

01:02:20.001 --> 01:02:26.000
Provided your paper is big enough,
you can record as many values as you need and

01:02:26.000 --> 01:02:32.001
as accurately as you desire.
13.8 or 13.8853 makes

01:02:32.001 --> 01:02:34.000
no difference to a piece of paper.

01:02:35.000 --> 01:02:40.001
Computers represent numbers internally
using powers of 2, called bits. A single

01:02:40.001 --> 01:02:47.001
bit can represent two values, 0 and 1.
Two bits can represent 4 values, 8 bits

01:02:47.001 --> 01:02:54.000
represent 256 values and
16 bits represent 65,536

01:02:54.000 --> 01:02:55.001
different values.

01:02:56.000 --> 01:03:01.001
The takeaway is that there are a specific
number of values that you can represent

01:03:01.001 --> 01:03:05.000
inside a computer,
depending on how many bits you use.

01:03:06.000 --> 01:03:12.000
Consider the values I've mentioned.
1, minus 1, 100 and 13.8.

01:03:13.000 --> 01:03:14.001
That's four different values.

01:03:15.000 --> 01:03:20.000
If it's not immediately obvious,
whatever solution you come up with, tracking

01:03:20.000 --> 01:03:23.000
positive and negative,
tracking small and large, whole and fractions,

01:03:23.001 --> 01:03:25.000
should all be part of the mix.

01:03:26.000 --> 01:03:29.001
In case you're wondering, we're essentially
describing here how many colours or

01:03:29.001 --> 01:03:34.001
values we're going to allow,
or in terms of a computer, how many bits.

01:03:35.001 --> 01:03:39.001
Let's consider all the values you might
measure and represent inside a computer.

01:03:40.001 --> 01:03:44.001
How many different voltages do you
want to be able to record between 1

01:03:44.001 --> 01:03:46.000
volt and 100 volt?

01:03:46.001 --> 01:03:53.000
If you allow for 10 values, you can record
10 volt, 20 volt and so on, but you

01:03:53.000 --> 01:04:00.000
can't record 15 volt. If you allow for
100 values, you can record 1 volt, 2 volt

01:04:00.000 --> 01:04:03.001
and up, but you won't be able to record 1.
5 volt.

01:04:04.001 --> 01:04:10.000
If you account for 1,000 values,
then you can record 1.1 volt, 1.2 volt and so

01:04:10.000 --> 01:04:13.000
on, but you can't record minus 10 volt.

01:04:14.001 --> 01:04:19.000
Remember, our computer representation can
only manage a specific list of values,

01:04:19.000 --> 01:04:23.000
and the size of the list is determined
by the number of bits you're using.

01:04:23.001 --> 01:04:29.001
The rabbit hole goes even deeper.
Radio signals vary massively in their strength,

01:04:30.000 --> 01:04:34.000
which is why we use a decibel scale
to represent the signal strength.

01:04:35.000 --> 01:04:40.001
Instead of saying station A is a thousand
times stronger than station B, we say

01:04:40.001 --> 01:04:46.000
it has a signal level that is 30 dBm higher.
That's comparing a 1 watt station to

01:04:46.000 --> 01:04:47.001
a 1 kilowatt station.

01:04:48.000 --> 01:04:53.000
And in terms of voltage,
that's between 20 volt and 632 volt.

01:04:54.000 --> 01:04:58.001
If you're designing a mechanism to store
your measurements inside a computer, you

01:04:58.001 --> 01:05:01.001
might decide to use dBm to
record your measurement.

01:05:02.001 --> 01:05:08.000
Let's say 30 values from 30 to 60 dBm.
Sounds great. Where do I sign up?

01:05:08.001 --> 01:05:15.001
Not so fast. What happens if our station
is running less than 1 watt? Or if it's

01:05:15.001 --> 01:05:18.001
running 100 kilowatt,
like when you happen to receive

01:05:18.001 --> 01:05:20.001
a nearby FM broadcast station?

01:05:21.001 --> 01:05:26.000
Not only do you need to contend with a
whole range, called a dynamic range of

01:05:26.000 --> 01:05:30.000
measurements, you also need to deal with
what happens to the overall picture.

01:05:30.001 --> 01:05:35.001
Let me say that in another way.
Your voltage measurements at the base of your

01:05:35.001 --> 01:05:39.001
antenna are a representation of the
RF information that your antenna is

01:05:39.001 --> 01:05:41.001
receiving, or transmitting for that matter.

01:05:42.001 --> 01:05:47.000
Representing that inside a computer means
that the values you're using, and how

01:05:47.000 --> 01:05:51.000
fast you're gathering them, determine
how well the RF signal is represented.

01:05:52.000 --> 01:05:55.001
One thing to note is that the largest
value is represented by whatever

01:05:55.001 --> 01:05:57.001
you choose is only part of the problem.

01:05:58.000 --> 01:06:02.001
A signal that is stronger than the
largest value you can record is

01:06:02.001 --> 01:06:04.000
not going to be recorded correctly.

01:06:05.000 --> 01:06:10.000
Similarly, a signal that is so small that
it doesn't register as a change also

01:06:10.000 --> 01:06:11.001
has an incorrect recording.

01:06:12.001 --> 01:06:16.000
Picking the right combination of dots
and colours, sample size and bit depth,

01:06:16.001 --> 01:06:19.000
doesn't end there, because there's even more to

01:06:19.000 --> 01:06:21.000
this, but I'll leave that for next time.

01:06:21.001 --> 01:06:27.000
To blow your mind, the dynamic range,
bit depth and sample size I've talked about

01:06:27.000 --> 01:06:31.001
in relation to software defined radio,
also applies to many other things, like

01:06:31.001 --> 01:06:36.001
taking a photo with your digital camera,
or sampling digital audio.

01:06:37.000 --> 01:06:41.001
So understanding this in one area will
likely help you in other places as well.

01:06:42.000 --> 01:06:46.001
The final takeaway is that a computer
records a range of values that can

01:06:46.001 --> 01:06:51.000
represent a measurement in the real world.
Picking the correct range of values

01:06:51.000 --> 01:06:54.000
determines how well your computer
represents what you're measuring.

01:06:55.000 --> 01:06:58.001
I'm Ono Victor Kilo 6,
Foxtrot Lima, Alfa Bravo.

01:07:14.000 --> 01:07:20.001
The report, which began as a 9-page document
in 2016, grew to 158 pages developed

01:07:20.001 --> 01:07:23.001
from 60 input contributions
over a 3-year period.

01:07:24.001 --> 01:07:29.000
Working Group 5A1 is responsible for
amateur matters and is chaired by Dale

01:07:29.000 --> 01:07:31.001
Hughes, VK1DSH.

01:07:31.001 --> 01:07:37.001
Agenda Item 1.1 calls on the ITU to study
amateur service spectrum's needs in

01:07:37.001 --> 01:07:43.000
Regions 1 and the 50-54 MHz band,
taking into account the results of sharing

01:07:43.000 --> 01:07:47.001
studies between the amateur service and
other services using the band to ensure

01:07:47.001 --> 01:07:49.000
protection of these services.

01:07:49.001 --> 01:07:54.001
The report describes work undertaken to
prepare for Agenda Item 1.1 of World

01:07:54.001 --> 01:08:00.000
Radio Communication Conference 2019 and
the Associated Conference Preparatory

01:08:00.000 --> 01:08:03.000
Meeting, which addressed the
technical background for WRC.

01:08:04.000 --> 01:08:08.001
National administrations will use the
draft new report and the CPM report to

01:08:08.001 --> 01:08:12.000
prepare proposals for WRC 19 later this year.

01:08:12.000 --> 01:08:16.001
Region 1 Regional Telecommunications
Organizations will hold a preparatory

01:08:16.001 --> 01:08:20.000
meeting this summer to develop
common multi-country proposals.

01:08:20.001 --> 01:08:27.000
WRC 19 will only consider proposals actually
offered by administrations or RTOs.

01:08:27.000 --> 01:08:33.001
No impact on amateur radio allocations
in Regions 2 or 3 is anticipated. WRC 19

01:08:33.001 --> 01:08:39.000
takes place October 28 through
November 22 in Sharm El-Sheik, Egypt.

01:08:39.000 --> 01:08:44.001
We pause for stations along the network
to identify. We are This Week in Amateur

01:08:44.001 --> 01:08:49.000
Radio, your amateur radio and
technology news magazine of the air.

01:09:09.001 --> 01:09:15.000
The board of directors of the Yasme
Foundation has awarded $5,000 each to the

01:09:15.000 --> 01:09:21.001
Foundation for Amateur Radio, or FAR,
and ARRL scholarship programs for 2019, and

01:09:21.001 --> 01:09:27.001
$5,000 in general's support to World Radio
Sport Team Championship 2022 in Italy,

01:09:28.000 --> 01:09:33.000
and a second grant to sponsor the
so-called Widows Ball during WRTC 2022.

01:09:34.000 --> 01:09:38.001
The Yasme Foundation board also announced
Yasme Excellence Award winners. They

01:09:38.001 --> 01:09:44.001
are, Anthe Vasquez, Whiskey Papa 3 Romeo
for his work in disaster relief, and as

01:09:44.001 --> 01:09:46.000
an outstanding ambassador for Amateur Radio.

01:09:47.000 --> 01:09:52.001
Nicola Person, 9A5W, for his outstanding
work in advancing amateur radio in

01:09:52.001 --> 01:09:54.000
Croatia and the surrounding region.

01:09:55.000 --> 01:09:57.000
He is a co-founder of 9A1A.

01:09:58.000 --> 01:10:02.000
Person initiated efforts to recruit young
amateurs and establish youth programs

01:10:02.000 --> 01:10:03.001
in coordination with local universities.

01:10:04.001 --> 01:10:08.001
The Yasme Excellence Award recognizes
individuals and groups who, through their

01:10:08.001 --> 01:10:13.000
own service, creativity, effort,
and dedication, have made significant

01:10:13.000 --> 01:10:14.001
contributions to Amateur Radio.

01:10:15.001 --> 01:10:18.001
They may be in recognition of technical,
operating, or organizational

01:10:18.001 --> 01:10:22.001
achievement, as all three are necessary
for the growth of Amateur Radio.

01:10:22.001 --> 01:10:26.001
The Yasme Excellence Award is in
the form of a cash grant and an

01:10:26.001 --> 01:10:28.001
individually engraved crystal globe.

01:10:29.001 --> 01:10:33.001
The Yasme Foundation is a not-for-profit
corporation organized to support

01:10:33.001 --> 01:10:38.000
scientific and educational projects related
to amateur radio, including de-exing

01:10:38.000 --> 01:10:41.001
and the introduction and promotion of
amateur radio in developing countries.

01:10:42.000 --> 01:10:47.000
The International Amateur Radio Union has
thrown its support behind an upcoming

01:10:47.000 --> 01:10:52.000
operating event on 6 meters,
aimed at assessing activity on 6 meters and the

01:10:52.000 --> 01:10:57.000
ability of amateur radio to share spectrum
with government users on the band.

01:10:57.001 --> 01:11:02.000
The worldwide amateur radio community
is invited to participate in the CHUCK

01:11:02.000 --> 01:11:07.000
-sponsored Readiness Test, or P-Test,
which will take place on June 13.

01:11:07.001 --> 01:11:14.000
Agenda Item 1.1 for World Radio Communication
Conference 2019 will consider an

01:11:14.000 --> 01:11:20.001
amateur service allocation in the 50-54
MHz band in Region 1, which is Europe,

01:11:21.000 --> 01:11:26.000
Africa, and Asiatic Russia, taking into
account studies looking into sharing

01:11:26.000 --> 01:11:31.000
between the amateur service and the mobile
fixed radio location and broadcasting

01:11:31.000 --> 01:11:35.000
services in order to ensure
protection of these services.

01:11:36.000 --> 01:11:41.001
The Czech Republic Telecommunications
Regulator, CTO, is investigating if

01:11:41.001 --> 01:11:44.001
theoretical study results match real life.

01:11:45.000 --> 01:11:49.000
The June test follows an initial
trial that took place in late

01:11:49.000 --> 01:11:51.000
February in the Czech Republic.

01:11:51.001 --> 01:11:55.001
One objective was to verify that
military and amateur radio stations

01:11:55.001 --> 01:11:57.000
could coexist on the band.

01:11:57.001 --> 01:12:02.000
The second test will take place when
enhanced propagation is more likely.

01:12:02.000 --> 01:12:08.000
During the event, other 50 MHz band users
will operate their own communication

01:12:08.000 --> 01:12:12.001
systems,
and the IARU has cautioned radio amateurs not

01:12:12.001 --> 01:12:14.001
to interfere with their activities.

01:12:14.001 --> 01:12:19.000
The purpose of this event is to show
regulators that amateurs and military

01:12:19.000 --> 01:12:25.000
stations can coexist without causing
harmful interference to each other, said an

01:12:25.000 --> 01:12:30.001
IARU Region 1 news article by
Hans Blondiell Timmermann, PB2T.

01:12:31.000 --> 01:12:36.000
The June 13th event will take place in
two activity periods. The first will run

01:12:36.000 --> 01:12:42.001
from 0730 to 0900 UTC,
and the second will take place from 1100 to

01:12:42.001 --> 01:12:44.000
1230 UTC.

01:12:44.001 --> 01:12:50.000
Participating stations will call CQP and
exchange signal reports, a sequential

01:12:50.000 --> 01:12:55.001
serial number, a six-character grid locator,
and a geographical location.

01:12:56.000 --> 01:13:02.001
Maximum power output will be 25 watts PEP,
the maximum power under Czech Amateur

01:13:02.001 --> 01:13:04.000
Radio Service Regulations.

01:13:05.000 --> 01:13:09.001
Stations outside of the Czech Republic are
requested to use the same output power

01:13:09.001 --> 01:13:12.001
to enable comparisons with the February test.

01:13:13.000 --> 01:13:18.001
The use of spotting networks is permitted.
Submit logs no later than 1230 UTC

01:13:18.001 --> 01:13:20.001
on June 15th.

01:13:20.001 --> 01:13:24.001
We would like to involve amateur stations
experimenting with wideband modes in

01:13:24.001 --> 01:13:27.001
this test, the IARU news article said.

01:13:28.000 --> 01:13:32.001
This could include reduced bandwidth
digital television or other wideband

01:13:32.001 --> 01:13:37.000
emissions. Such stations would participate
in the second activity period.

01:13:37.001 --> 01:13:42.001
There needs to be as much activity as
possible on the band during these two

01:13:42.001 --> 01:13:48.001
periods, preferably sticking to the Czech
power limit of 25 watts ERP, said UK

01:13:48.001 --> 01:13:53.001
6-meter group chair Chris Deakin G4IFX.

01:13:54.000 --> 01:13:58.001
It doesn't matter whether the band is open
or not, just get on the air using SSB,

01:13:59.000 --> 01:14:00.001
CW, Digital, or all three.

01:14:01.000 --> 01:14:05.000
This is your chance to do something
to help the 50 MHz community

01:14:05.000 --> 01:14:07.000
in Europe and beyond.

01:14:08.000 --> 01:14:12.001
And finally this week, although it will
be years before the first humans set foot

01:14:12.001 --> 01:14:18.000
on Mars, NASA is giving the public another
opportunity to send their names etched

01:14:18.000 --> 01:14:24.000
on microchips to the Red Planet with NASA's
Mars 2020 rover, which represents the

01:14:24.000 --> 01:14:27.001
initial leg of humanity's first
round trip to another planet.

01:14:28.000 --> 01:14:32.001
NASA also solicited names in
previous years to fly on the recent

01:14:32.001 --> 01:14:34.000
Parker probe to the Sun.

01:14:35.000 --> 01:14:39.000
The rover is scheduled to launch as
early as July 2020, with a spacecraft

01:14:39.000 --> 01:14:43.000
expected to touch down on
Mars in February 2021.

01:14:43.001 --> 01:14:49.000
The rover, a robotic scientist weighing
more than 2,300 pounds, will search for

01:14:49.000 --> 01:14:54.000
signs of past microbial life,
characterize the planet's climate and geology,

01:14:54.001 --> 01:14:59.000
collect samples for future return to Earth,
and pave the way for human

01:14:59.000 --> 01:15:00.001
exploration of the Red Planet.

01:15:01.000 --> 01:15:06.000
As we get ready to launch this historic
Mars mission, we want everyone to share

01:15:06.000 --> 01:15:11.000
in this journey of exploration, said Thomas
Zerbegen, Associate Administrator for

01:15:11.000 --> 01:15:15.000
NASA's Science Mission
Directorate in Washington, D.C.

01:15:15.000 --> 01:15:20.000
It's an exciting time for NASA,
as we embark on this voyage to answer profound

01:15:20.000 --> 01:15:24.001
questions about our neighboring planet
and even the origins of life itself.

01:15:25.000 --> 01:15:29.001
The opportunity to send your name to
Mars comes with a souvenir boarding pass

01:15:29.001 --> 01:15:31.000
and frequent flyer points.

01:15:32.000 --> 01:15:36.001
This is part of a public engagement campaign
to highlight missions involved with

01:15:36.001 --> 01:15:39.000
NASA's journey from the Moon to Mars.

01:15:40.000 --> 01:15:44.000
Miles are awarded for each flight,
with corresponding digital mission

01:15:44.000 --> 01:15:45.001
patches available for download.

01:15:46.000 --> 01:15:51.000
More than 2 million names flew on NASA's
InSight mission to Mars, giving each

01:15:51.000 --> 01:15:54.000
flyer about 300 million frequent flyer miles.

01:15:54.001 --> 01:15:59.000
From now until September 30th,
you can add your name to the list and obtain a

01:15:59.000 --> 01:16:01.000
souvenir boarding pass to Mars.

01:16:01.001 --> 01:16:07.000
Point your web browser to go.nasa.gov slash

01:16:07.000 --> 01:16:09.000
Mars2020pass.

01:16:10.000 --> 01:16:14.001
The Micro Devices Laboratory at NASA's
Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena,

01:16:15.000 --> 01:16:20.001
California will use an electron beam to
etch the submitted names onto a silicon

01:16:20.001 --> 01:16:25.000
chip with lines of text smaller than one
thousandth the width of a human hair.

01:16:25.001 --> 01:16:29.001
At that size, more than a million
names can be inscribed on a single

01:16:29.001 --> 01:16:31.000
dime-sized microchip.

01:16:31.001 --> 01:16:34.001
The chip will ride on the
rover under a glass cover.

01:16:35.001 --> 01:16:39.000
NASA will use Mars 2020 and other
missions to prepare for human

01:16:39.000 --> 01:16:40.001
exploration of the Red Planet.

01:16:41.000 --> 01:16:45.001
As another step toward that goal,
NASA is returning American astronauts

01:16:45.001 --> 01:16:47.000
to the Moon in 2024.

01:16:47.001 --> 01:16:52.000
Government, industry, and international
partners will join NASA in a global

01:16:52.000 --> 01:16:55.001
effort to build and test the
systems needed for human missions

01:16:55.001 --> 01:16:57.000
to Mars and beyond.

01:16:58.000 --> 01:17:02.001
The Mars 2020 project at JPL
manages rover developments for SMD.

01:17:03.001 --> 01:17:07.001
NASA's Launch Service Program,
based at the agency's Kennedy Space Center in

01:17:07.001 --> 01:17:10.000
Florida, is responsible for launch management.

01:17:11.000 --> 01:17:14.001
Mars 2020 will launch from Cape
Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.

01:17:15.000 --> 01:17:20.001
For more information on Mars 2020, visit www.
nasa.gov

01:17:20.001 --> 01:17:22.001
slash Mars2020.

01:17:23.000 --> 01:17:27.001
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01:17:27.001 --> 01:17:32.000
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01:17:32.000 --> 01:17:38.001
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01:17:38.001 --> 01:17:40.000
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01:17:40.000 --> 01:17:44.000
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01:17:48.000 --> 01:17:51.001
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01:17:51.001 --> 01:17:55.000
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01:17:55.001 --> 01:18:00.000
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01:18:02.000 --> 01:18:07.000
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01:18:07.001 --> 01:18:12.000
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01:18:12.000 --> 01:18:14.001
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01:18:15.000 --> 01:18:19.000
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01:18:19.000 --> 01:18:22.000
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01:18:22.001 --> 01:18:28.001
Now, for the staff of This Week in Amateur
Radio, this is Jessica Bowen, KC2VWX,

01:18:28.001 --> 01:18:30.001
saying 73 until next week.

01:18:32.000 --> 01:18:33.000
Thank you.